
COURTESY PETER R.!

COURTESY PETER R.!
from
WEIRD AMERICA
A Guide to Places of Mystery in the United States
by Jim Brandon
Dutton paperback, 1978
p. 26
DEVIL’S GATE RESERVOIR (In NW Pasadena, btw Flintridge and La Vina)
When Donald Lee Baker and Brenda Howell vanished on the morning of Aug 5, 1956, it was the beginning of a mystifying and still unsolved wave of child disappearances in the vicinity of this prominent geological feature of the Los Angeles Basin. On March 23, 1957, eight-year-old Tommy Bowman turned a corner on a forest trail just ahead of six family members — and completely vanished. Bruce Kremen, also aged eight, disappeared on July 13, 1960, near a YMCA camp above Devil’s Gate. In every case, huge search parties combed this reservoir and the adjacent area on the south slopes of the San Gabriels for days, but not the slightest trace of the missing children was ever found.
The Devils’ Gate itself is a narrow, S-shaped rocky defile, perhaps 50 feet deep, at the funnellike convergence of the large mountain runoff field. In former times, furious floods used to roar down into the area, swirl through the gate, and flow from there out into the channel of the Arroyo Seco, which the rest of the year lives up to its name–“dry arroyo.” Rainy season floods are no longer a problem, because of the big dam and catch basin installed now [since 1920–Jay] just a couple hundred feet north of the Devil’s Gate.
Historically, certain groups associated with the “black arts” have show considerable interest in this area. Some time after 1915, a chapter of the OTO, a secret society headed by the famous Aleister Crowley, was organized in Pasadena. Its address was a house at 1003 South Orange Grove Avenue, a short distance east of a narrow spot in the Arroyo Seco called Busch Gardens. The founder of this “Agape Lodge” of the OTO was one Wilfred T. Smith, Crowley’s man in Vancouver, Canada. As part of his activities in California, Smith also traveled down the coast and erected a stone temple in the then-remote woods at Palomar Mountain in San Diego County, where the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, many years later built the famous astrophysical observatory.
Smith’s successor as head of the Cali OTO was John Parsons … […;] As the OTO chapter grew, Parsons moved the headquarters a few doors down the street to a building on the grounds of the old F. G. Cruikshank mansion at 1071 South Orange Grove Avenue (both of these Orange Grove houses have now been torn down and replaced with large apartment structures). Parsons had another house — also on the edge of the Arroyo Seco, overlooking the famous Rose Bowl Stadium — at 424 Arroyo Terrace, which is still standing.
[…]
The OTO membership is said to have included many prominent Angelenos, ranging from financiers and professional people to film industry luminaries. Even so, the group attracted the attentions of the authorities on more than one occasion — once when a teen-aged youth complained to Pasadena police that he had been homosexually raped at an OTO meeting. I am told by students of the L.A cult scene that some of these peculiar rituals were performed at secret rites in the Arroyo Seco, some of them near Devil’s Gate.
Foothills Boulevard (S.R. 118) passes almost directly over Devil’s Gate and a good view can be had of it from the bridge. It is also possible to hike into the formation by entering the Pasadena Municipal Golf Course at the refreshment stand on Amy Street and walking north along the concrete flood channel. However, this foray should be avoided any any time that there is water standing in the Devil’s Gate Reservoir, since there is always the danger that a spillway could be opened before one could get out of the narrow “gate” area.
Julian Cope, Royal Festival Hall, London
Hopping around in space
By Andy Gill
From the 27 January 2005 Independent
“Great gig, eh?” says the chap next to me at the bar, his eyes wide and glassily ecstatic as he hoists his foaming beaker. I could be wrong, but you know what? I think he may be on drugs.
If so, he has come to the right place. The Festival Hall looks as though it has been taken over by the psychedelic tribes of Europe, come to exult in the lysergic Sturm und Drang of Julian Cope’s hard-core, shamanic heavy rock. Cope is about as determinedly out of step with mainstream pop mores as it’s possible to get: his albums are available only through his website; and for much of the past few years, he has been busy with his second volume of megalithic scholarship, dealing with the prehistoric monuments of Europe.
A long-haired hippie type, Cope is in big, clumpy motorcycle boots, black bondage strides and bumflap, grey T-shirt, dark glasses and black leather hat, intermittently strumming at a Flying V and posing like crazy at the edge of the stage. Few front men straddle the roles of old-school strutting rock star and chummy man o’ the people as well as Cope. He’s the best communicator I’ve seen on stage in ages, his banter simultaneously playing up to his image and mildly debunking it, an engaging presence with the wit and timing of a stand-up comedian.
His music has a similarly heroic/self-deprecating duality about it, rooted as it is in the unreconstructed excesses of Seventies heavy rock, topped off with a dollop of speed-metal licks courtesy of the lead guitarist, Doggen, whose scary yellow make-up and fluorescent pink, yellow and black outfit makes him look like a mutant Bertie Bassett, of Liquorice Allsorts fame. At its best, it has an 18-wheeler momentum that sounds like Neu! played by Lynyrd Skynyrd and fronted by Jim Morrison. But there’s always a genial undertow of Spinal Tap absurdity about things, particularly during “Necropolis”, when Cope straps on an electric 12-string and his right-hand man, Donald Ross Skinner, picks up the yellow, double-necked guitar that has been leaning against an amplifier: it’s as if they’re deliberately trying to employ the two most needlessly over-the-top guitars ever built, in the one song.
Cope’s performance is in two sets, separated by a slot from the support band Comets on Fire. When he returns, he seems… distracted might be the word. Staggering around the stage, climbing up to the balcony, or just gazing vacantly at the audience, he’s off on his own little planet. Between songs, he drawls: “Yeaaahhh!” exultantly. I could be wrong, but you know what? I think he may be on drugs.
My suspicions are confirmed when, only a few minutes into the set, he starts asking his roadie, “How are we for time?”, then, sitting on the stage’s edge, enquires of his band, “What’s the next song? I can’t even… speak!” Realising the state he’s in, he apologises for his “momentary lapse of professionalism”, which gets a big laugh, before explaining that he’s “just entered into a new, psychedelically informed period”, starting on New Year’s Day.
Somehow, he makes it through a set comprising, in roughly equal parts, old faves such as “Reward” and “Spacehopper” and tracks from the new Citizen Cain’d album. The show climaxes with a lengthy “Reynard the Fox”, Cope going walkabout through the audience before returning to the stage for a bout of ritual scarification, clambering atop his extendable mic-stand and rocking precariously back and forth, 10 feet in the air, as a howling, juddering noise swirls about the hall. A suitably shamanic conclusion to an evening of atavistic rock ritual.
And you have to love a rock star whose parting shot, after several minutes’ standing ovation, is “Peace! Peace! Peace!… and Education!”
From the Jan 20, 2005 NYTimes:
Decor by Timothy Leary
By MARK ALLEN
AT first glance it looked like something in the window of a
TriBeCa furniture store, an oversize lamp from the early
60’s maybe. But when Kate Chapman flicked a switch and the
three-foot high latticework cylinder in front of me began
to spin, it was clear that we were dealing with more than
just another piece of midcentury flotsam.
The machine started to cast strobelike patterns of bright
light on our faces, and when I closed my eyes as
instructed, there they were, the dazzling multicolored
forms that I’d been told about: mandalas and crosses and
even Mandelbrot fractals, dancing across my eyelids.
I was sitting on the floor of Ms. Chapman’s Brooklyn loft,
and she was demonstrating her prized household appliance, a
1996 Dreamachine originally made for William S. Burroughs.
Besides the trippy visual effects the device is said to
induce an “alpha state” – a state conducive to lucid
dreaming or intense daydreaming – in people who face the
cylinder with their eyes closed as it spins around a bright
light.
Dreamachine enthusiasts – whose ranks have swelled recently
thanks to chat forums and a book published last year –
claim that it promotes a trancelike serenity, intensifies
creativity and insight and even uncovers suppressed
memories. Ms. Chapman’s Dreamachine is one of more than a
thousand that have been manufactured since the early 90’s
by a California composer and conductor named David Woodard.
One is on display this month at the Clair Obscur Gallery in
Los Angeles along with an exhibit of photographs of
Burroughs taken by John Aes-Nihil, an underground
filmmaker, and the premiere at the gallery of his film,
“William Burroughs in the Dreamachine.” Burroughs, along
with other figures from the Beat Generation like Allen
Ginsberg and Timothy Leary, was fascinated, even at times
obsessed by the Dreamachine, which was invented in 1959 by
their fellow Beats Brion Gysin, an artist, and Ian
Sommerville, a math student at Cambridge. Mr. Leary called
it “the most sophisticated neurophenomenological device
ever designed”; Mr. Burroughs experimented with it for
nearly four decades. (The film shows him using his
Dreamachines at his home in Lawrence, Kan., shortly before
his death in 1997).
The World’s Best Managed City?
¬by Neal R. Peirce
Curitaba, Brazil –It rains a lot in this provincial capital of 2.4 million, 220 miles southwest of San Paulo.¬ There’s a large needy population, swollen each month by 1,700 peasants flowing in from the countryside.¬ The city’s architecture is unexceptional.
But look across the continents and you’ll not likely find a better managed city.¬ And not due to some tight, buttoned-down management scheme.¬ But rather because Curitaba, since urban visionary Jaime Lerner became its mayor in 1971, has pioneered one remarkable social or physical innovation after another.
Curitiba’s remarkably fast and efficient bus system accommodates 1.9 million bus passengers each weekday — more than New York City.¬ Downtown has delightful pedestrian-only streets.¬ To foster equity, small-scale, low-income dwellings (rather than high-rise housing ghettoes) have been spotted across the city.
An extensive new park and lake system covers 18 percent of the city’s land area, doubling as a much-needed flood protection scheme (so that the ducks, it’s quipped, just float a meter higher after rains).¬ Over 1,100 tax-relieved private woodlands allow rain to soak in where it falls.¬ Volunteer citizens, since the 70s, have planted over 1.5 million trees along streets and avenues.
Curitiba invented “Lighthouses of Knowledge.”¬ Fifty of them, brightly colored, glassy lighthouse-shaped towers, are spotted through the neighborhoods, providing thousands of books and now Internet connections for citizens aged 3 to 80.¬ Another innovation:¬ “Citizenship Streets” — two-storied pedestrian malls, located beside the heavily-used bus terminals, offering clusters of city services from job training to day care, gyms to small claims courts.¬¬
Lerner, now governor of Parana, Curitiba’s state, and potential Brazilian presidential candidate, reminds a visitor that Curitiba has the problems of all Latin American cities, tough slums included.¬ The apparent difference:¬ the fundamental respect for all citizens, the poorest included, that he and his team of architect-planner associates have sought to build over three decades.
Citizens who are shown respect with health clinics, good buses, decent schools, insists Lerner, accept “co-responsibility.”¬ They’re willing to build their own simple housing, especially with a little architectural counsel and utility connections.¬ They volunteer for environmental projects.¬ They start cottage industries.¬ Civic society flourishes.
Most families and firms now presort their trash, and 70 percent is recycled or composted.¬ In the slums, or favelas, where refuse vehicles can’t negotiate unpaved alleys, small trucks fan out in a massive “Green Exchange.”¬ For bags of sorted trash, tens of thousands of the city’s poorest receive bags of rice, beans, eggs, bananas, carrots that the city buys inexpensively from the area’s surplus production.¬ The result’s both better public health (less litter, rats, disease) and better nutrition.
Green Exchange exemplifies Curitiba’s penchant for solutions that are “simple, fast, fun and cheap,” write Paul Hawken, Amore and Hunger Lovins in their new book, Natural Capitalism.¬ The city is thus benefiting from a flow of interconnected, interactive, evolving solutions.
Lerner explains his distaste for “creativity killers” — a type of person “you can smell in meetings,” who insists on having all the answers before any project can start.¬ That’s wrong, he insists:¬ “Creativity means certain risks.¬ It’s important to start, then make changes.¬ The ideal can easily be the enemy of the possible.”
Lerner and Curitiba’s present mayor, Cassio Taniguch, split their days.¬ Mornings are a jungle-like retreats on the edge of parks, talking big ideas that might change many lives.¬ In the afternoon, by contrast, they’re in their official offices meeting constitutions.¬ “You need a daily balance,” says Lerner.
But where do all the ideas come from, and how do they get coordinated?¬ The answer’s “IPPUC” — the city’s research and urban planning institute, now 35 years old.¬ It’s a rare phenomenon among world cities — an official city institute that’s intellectual on one side, management-focused on the other.¬ The mayor, department heads and staff involved in currently hot issues meet there ever Thursday for a frank exchange on how to keep multiple city projects moving.
SO does it matter if a city has imaginative leadership over years?¬ One shred of evidence — surveys show 99 percent of Curitibans (as opposed, for example, to 60 percent of New Yorkers) wouldn’t want to live elsewhere.
Lerner recounts a 90s meetings with Renault officials at his jungle office.¬ Parana wasn’t even on their list for a Brazilian expansion site.¬ Suddenly, a hummingbird flew in and alighted on the table.¬ “We had no contract with that bird,” says Lerner.¬ But clearly Curitiba’s quality of life, its spirit and imagination, was key in drawing Renault, and then equally coveted Chrysler and Volkswagen/Audi plants, to the province.
But the auto plants have been located outward, with the stated goal of sharing Curitiba’s prosperity with its entire province.¬ Expanding its focus to regional collaboration — the first great challenge for 21st century cities.
Thomas Pynchon : The road to 1984
From The Guardian, Saturday May 3, 2003
George Orwell’s last book, 1984 , has in a way been a victim of the success of Animal Farm , which most people were content to read as a straightforward allegory about the melancholy fate of the Russian revolution. From the minute Big Brother’s moustache makes its appearance in the second paragraph of 1984 , many readers, thinking right away of Stalin, have tended to carry over the habit of point-for-point analogy from the earlier work. Although Big Brother’s face certainly is Stalin’s, just as the despised party heretic Emmanuel Goldstein’s face is Trotsky’s, the two do not quite line up with their models as neatly as Napoleon and Snowball did in Animal Farm . This did not keep the book from being marketed in the US as a sort of anticommunist tract. Published in 1949, it arrived in the McCarthy era, when “Communism” was damned officially as a monolithic, worldwide menace, and there was no point in even distinguishing between Stalin and Trotsky, any more than for shepherds to be instructing sheep in the nuances of wolf recognition.
The Korean conflict (1950-53) would also soon highlight the alleged Communist practice of ideological enforcement through “brainwashing”, a set of techniques said to be based on the work of I P Pavlov, who had once trained dogs to salivate on cue. That something very much like brainwashing happens in 1984 , in lengthy and terrifying detail, to its hero, Winston Smith, did not surprise those readers determined to take the novel as a simple condemnation of Stalinist atrocity.
This was not exactly Orwell’s intention. Though 1984 has brought aid and comfort to generations of anticommunist ideologues with Pavlovian-response issues of their own, Orwell’s politics were not only of the left, but to the left of left. He had gone to Spain in 1937 to fight against Franco and his Nazi-supported fascists, and there had quickly learned the difference between real and phony antifascism. “The Spanish war and other events in 1936-7,” he wrote 10 years later, “turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood. Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I know it.”
Orwell thought of himself as a member of the “dissident left,” as distinguished from the “official left,” meaning basically the British Labour party, most of which he had come, well before the second world war, to regard as potentially, if not already, fascist. More or less consciously, he found an analogy between British Labour and the Communist Party under Stalin – both, he felt, were movements professing to fight for the working classes against capitalism, but in reality concerned only with establishing and perpetuating their own power. The masses were only there to be used for their idealism, their class resentments, their willingness to work cheap and to be sold out, again and again.
Now, those of fascistic disposition – or merely those among us who remain all too ready to justify any government action, whether right or wrong – will immediately point out that this is prewar thinking, and that the moment enemy bombs begin to fall on one’s homeland, altering the landscape and producing casualties among friends and neighbours, all this sort of thing, really, becomes irrelevant, if not indeed subversive. With the homeland in danger, strong leadership and effective measures become of the essence, and if you want to call that fascism, very well, call it whatever you please, no one is likely to be listening, unless it’s for the air raids to be over and the all clear to sound. But the unseemliness of an argument – let alone a prophecy – in the heat of some later emergency, does not necessarily make it wrong. One could certainly argue that Churchill’s war cabinet had behaved on occasion no differently from a fascist regime, censoring news, controlling wages and prices, restricting travel, subordinating civil liberties to self-defined wartime necessity.
What is clear from his letters and articles at the time he was working on 1984 is Orwell’s despair over the postwar state of “socialism.” What in Keir Hardie’s time had been an honourable struggle against the incontrovertibly criminal behaviour of capitalism toward those whom it used for profit had become, by Orwell’s time, shamefully institutional, bought and sold, in too many instances concerned only with maintaining itself in power.
Orwell seems to have been particularly annoyed with the widespread allegiance to Stalinism to be observed among the Left, in the face of overwhelming evidence of the evil nature of the regime. “For somewhat complex reasons,” he wrote in March of 1948, early in the revision of the first draft of 1984 , “nearly the whole of the English left has been driven to accept the Russian regime as ‘Socialist,’ while silently recognising that its spirit and practice are quite alien to anything that is meant by ‘Socialism’ in this country. Hence there has arisen a sort of schizophrenic manner of thinking, in which words like ‘democracy’ can bear two irreconcilable meanings, and such things as concentration camps and mass deportations can be right and wrong simultaneously.”
We recognise this “sort of schizophrenic manner of thinking” as a source for one of the great achievements of this novel, one which has entered the everyday language of political discourse – the identification and analysis of doublethink. As described in Emmanuel Goldstein’s The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, a dangerously subversive text outlawed in Oceania and known only as the book, doublethink is a form of mental discipline whose goal, desirable and necessary to all party members, is to be able to believe two contradictory truths at the same time. This is nothing new, of course. We all do it. In social psychology it has long been known as “cognitive dissonance.” Others like to call it “compartmentalisation.” Some, famously F Scott Fitzgerald, have considered it evidence of genius. For Walt Whitman (“Do I contradict myself? Very well, I contradict myself”) it was being large and containing multitudes, for American aphorist Yogi Berra it was coming to a fork in the road and taking it, for Schr??dinger’s cat, it was the quantum paradox of being alive and dead at the same time.
The idea seems to have presented Orwell with his own dilemma, a kind of meta-doublethink – repelling him with its limitless potential for harm, while at the same time fascinating him with its promise of a way to transcend opposites – as if some aberrant form of Zen Buddhism, whose fundamental koans are the three party slogans, “War is Peace”, “Freedom is Slavery” and “Ignorance is Strength”, were being applied to evil purposes.
The consummate embodiment of doublethink in this novel is the Inner Party official O’Brien, Winston’s seducer and betrayer, protector and destroyer. He believes with utter sincerity in the regime he serves, and yet can impersonate perfectly a devout revolutionary committed to its overthrow. He imagines himself a mere cell of the greater organism of the state, but it is his individuality, compelling and self-contradicting, that we remember. Although a calmly eloquent spokesman for the totalitarian future, O’Brien gradually reveals an unbalanced side, a disengagement from reality that will emerge in its full unpleasantness during the re-education of Winston Smith, in the place of pain and despair known as the Ministry of Love.
Doublethink also lies behind the names of the superministries which run things in Oceania – the Ministry of Peace wages war, the Ministry of Truth tells lies, the Ministry of Love tortures and eventually kills anybody whom it deems a threat. If this seems unreasonably perverse, recall that in the present-day United States, few have any problem with a war-making apparatus named “the department of defence,” any more than we have saying “department of justice” with a straight face, despite well-documented abuses of human and constitutional rights by its most formidable arm, the FBI. Our nominally free news media are required to present “balanced” coverage, in which every “truth” is immediately neutered by an equal and opposite one. Every day public opinion is the target of rewritten history, official amnesia and outright lying, all of which is benevolently termed “spin,” as if it were no more harmful than a ride on a merry-go-round. We know better than what they tell us, yet hope otherwise. We believe and doubt at the same time – it seems a condition of political thought in a modern superstate to be permanently of at least two minds on most issues. Needless to say, this is of inestimable use to those in power who wish to remain there, preferably forever.
Besides the ambivalence within the left as to Soviet realities, other opportunities for doublethink in action arose in the wake of the second world war. In its moment of euphoria, the winning side was making, in Orwell’s view, mistakes as fatal as any made by the Treaty of Versailles after the first world war. Despite the most honourable intentions, in practice the division of spoils among the former allies carried the potential for fatal mischief. Orwell’s uneasiness over the “peace” in fact is one major subtext of 1984 .
“What it is really meant to do,” Orwell wrote to his publisher at the end of 1948 – as nearly as we can tell early in the revision phase of the novel – “is to discuss the implications of dividing the world up into ‘Zones of Influence’ (I thought of it in 1944 as a result of the Tehran conference) . . .”
Well of course novelists should not be altogether trusted as to the sources of their inspiration. But the imaginative procedure bears looking at. The Tehran conference was the first allied summit meeting of the second world war, taking place late in 1943, with Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin in attendance. Among the topics they discussed was how, once Nazi Germany was defeated, the allies would divide it up into zones of occupation. Who would get how much of Poland was another issue. In imagining Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia, Orwell seems to have made a leap in scale from the Tehran talks, projecting the occupation of a defeated country into that of a defeated world.
This grouping of Britain and the United States into a single bloc, as prophecy, has turned out to be dead-on, foreseeing Britain’s resistance to integration with the Eurasian landmass as well as her continuing subservience to Yank interests – dollars, for instance, being the monetary unit of Oceania. London is still recognisably the London of the postwar austerity period. From the opening, with its cold plunge directly into the grim April day of Winston Smith’s decisive act of disobedience, the textures of dystopian life are unremitting – the uncooperative plumbing, the cigarettes that keep losing their tobacco, the horrible food – though perhaps this was not such an imaginative stretch for anyone who’d had to undergo wartime shortages.
Prophecy and prediction are not quite the same, and it would ill serve writer and reader alike to confuse them in Orwell’s case. There is a game some critics like to play in which one makes lists of what Orwell did and didn’t “get right”. Looking around us at the present moment in the US, for example, we note the popularity of helicopters as a resource of “law enforcement,” familiar to us from countless televised “crime dramas,” themselves forms of social control – and for that matter at the ubiquity of television itself. The two-way telescreen bears a close enough resemblance to flat plasma screens linked to “interactive” cable systems, circa 2003. News is whatever the government says it is, surveillance of ordinary citizens has entered the mainstream of police activity, reasonable search and seizure is a joke. And so forth. “Wow, the government has turned into Big Brother, just like Orwell predicted! Something, huh?” “Orwellian, dude!”
Well, yes and no. Specific predictions are only details, after all. What is perhaps more important, indeed necessary, to a working prophet, is to be able to see deeper than most of us into the human soul. Orwell in 1948 understood that despite the Axis defeat, the will to fascism had not gone away, that far from having seen its day it had perhaps not yet even come into its own – the corruption of spirit, the irresistible human addiction to power were already long in place, all well-known aspects of the Third Reich and Stalin’s USSR, even the British Labour party – like first drafts of a terrible future. What could prevent the same thing from happening to Britain and the United States? Moral superiority? Good intentions? Clean living?
What has steadily, insidiously improved since then, of course, making humanist arguments almost irrelevant, is the technology. We must not be too distracted by the clunkiness of the means of surveillance current in Winston Smith’s era. In “our” 1984 , after all, the integrated circuit chip was less than a decade old, and almost embarrassingly primitive next to the wonders of computer technology circa 2003, most notably the internet, a development that promises social control on a scale those quaint old 20th-century tyrants with their goofy moustaches could only dream about.
On the other hand, Orwell did not foresee such exotic developments as the religious wars with which we have become all too familiar, involving various sorts of fundamentalism. Religious fanaticism is in fact strangely absent from Oceania, except in the form of devotion to the party. Big Brother’s regime exhibits all the ele ments of fascism – the single charismatic dictator, the total control of behaviour, the absolute subordination of the individual to the collective – except for racial hostility, in particular anti-Semitism, which was such a prominent feature of fascism as Orwell knew it. This is bound to strike the modern reader as puzzling. The only Jewish character in the novel is Emmanuel Goldstein, and maybe only because his original, Leon Trotsky, was Jewish too. And he remains an offstage presence whose real function in 1984 is to provide an expository voice, as the author of The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism .
Much has been made recently of Orwell’s own attitude towards Jews, some commentators even going so far as to call it anti-Semitic. If one looks in his writing of the time for overt references to the topic, one finds relatively little – Jewish matters did not seem to command much of his attention. What published evidence there is indicates either a sort of numbness before the enormity of what had happened in the camps or a failure at some level to appreciate its full significance. There is some felt reticence, as if, with so many other deep issues to worry about, Orwell would have preferred that the world not be presented with the added inconvenience of having to think much about the Holocaust. The novel may even have been his way of redefining a world in which the Holocaust did not happen.
As close as 1984 gets to an anti-Semitic moment is in the ritual practice of Two Minutes Hate, presented quite early, almost as a plot device for introducing the characters Julia and O’Brien. But the exhibition of anti-Goldsteinism described here with such toxic immediacy is never generalised into anything racial. “Nor is there any racial discrimination,” as Emmanuel Goldstein himself confirms, in the book – “Jews, Negroes, South Americans of pure Indian blood are to be found in the highest ranks of the Party . . .” As nearly as one can tell, Orwell considered anti-Semitism “one variant of the great modern disease of nationalism”, and British anti-Semitism in particular as another form of British stupidity. He may have believed that by the time of the tripartite coalescence of the world he imagined for 1984 , the European nationalisms he was used to would somehow no longer exist, perhaps because nations, and hence nationalities, would have been abolished and absorbed into more collective identities. Amid the novel’s general pessimism, this might strike us, knowing what we know today, as an unwarrantedly chirpy analysis. The hatreds Orwell never found much worse than ridiculous have determined too much history since 1945 to be dismissed quite so easily.
In a New Statesman review from 1938 of a John Galsworthy novel, Orwell commented, almost in passing, “Galsworthy was a bad writer, and some inner trouble, sharpening his sensitiveness, nearly made him into a good one; his discontent healed itself, and he reverted to type. It is worth pausing to wonder in just what form the thing is happening to oneself.”
Orwell was amused at those of his colleagues on the left who lived in terror of being termed bourgeois. But somewhere among his own terrors may have lurked the possibility that, like Galsworthy, he might one day lose his political anger, and end up as one more apologist for Things As They Are. His anger, let us go so far as to say, was precious to him. He had lived his way into it – in Burma and Paris and London and on the road to Wigan pier, and in Spain, being shot at, and eventually wounded, by fascists – he had invested blood, pain and hard labour to earn his anger, and was as attached to it as any capitalist to his capital. It may be an affliction peculiar to writers more than others, this fear of getting too comfortable, of being bought off. When one writes for a living, it is certainly one of the risks, though not one every writer objects to. The ability of the ruling element to co-opt dissent was ever present as a danger – actually not unlike the process by which the Party in 1984 is able perpetually to renew itself from below.
Orwell, having lived among the working and unemployed poor of the 1930s depression, and learned in the course of it their true imperishable worth, bestowed on Winston Smith a similar faith in their 1984 counterparts the proles, as the only hope for deliverance from the dystopian hell of Oceania. In the most beautiful moment of the novel – beauty as Rilke defined it, the onset of terror just able to be borne – Winston and Julia, thinking they are safe, regard from their window the woman in the courtyard singing, and Winston gazing into the sky experiences an almost mystical vision of the millions living beneath it, “people who had never learned to think but were storing up in their hearts and bellies and muscles the power that would one day overturn the world. If there was hope, it lay in the proles!” It is the moment just before he and Julia are arrested, and the cold, terrible climax of the book commences.
Before the war, Orwell had his moments of contempt for graphic scenes of violence in fiction, particularly the American hard-boiled crime fiction available in pulp magazines. In 1936, in a review of a detective novel, he quotes a passage describing a brutal and methodical beating, which uncannily foreshadows Winston Smith’s experiences inside the Ministry of Love. What has happened? Spain and the second world war, it would seem. What was “disgusting rubbish” back in a more insulated time has become, by the postwar era, part of the vernacular of political education, and by 1984 in Oceania it will be institutionalised. Yet Orwell cannot, like the average pulp writer, enjoy the luxury of unreflectively insulting the flesh and spirit of any character. The writing is at places difficult to stay with, as if Orwell himself is feeling every moment of Winston’s ordeal.
The interests of the regime in Oceania lie in the exercise of power for its own sake, in its unrelenting war on memory, desire, and language as a vehicle of thought. Memory is relatively easy to deal with, from the totalitarian point of view. There is always some agency like the Ministry of Truth to deny the memories of others, to rewrite the past. It has become a commonplace, circa 2003, for government employees to be paid more than most of the rest of us to debase history, trivialise truth and annihilate the past on a daily basis. Those who don’t learn from history used to have to relive it, but only until those in power could find a way to convince everybody, including themselves, that history never happened, or happened in a way best serving their own purposes – or best of all that it doesn’t matter anyway, except as some dumbed-down TV documentary cobbled together for an hour’s entertainment.
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From http://voresoel.dk/main.php?id=70:
What’s this “Vores Ol”?
Vores Ol (Our Beer) is a great tasting energetic beer and it’s the world’s first open source beer! It is based on classic ale brewing traditions but with added guarana for a natural energy-boost.
Version 1.0 is a medium strong beer (6% vol) with a deep golden red color and an original but familiar taste.
Why Guarana?
The South American Guarana beans are a natural source of energy and health. Their stimulating effect nicely balances the drowsiness that is associated with beer. (The caffeine contents in each beer, approx. 35 mg, is lower than in a cup of coffee so you shouldn’t have to worry about possible side effects.)
Is it a real beer?
Yes and no. You can’t buy it in stores (at least not yet) and by the time you read this we have probably drank all the beer we brewed in the first batch. (It tasted good.)
But somewhere in the world someone might be using our recipe right now, and as long as they publish their version of the recipe they are free to sell it in a store near you…
How can beer be open source?
The recipe and the whole brand of Our Beer is published under a Creative Commons license, which basically means that anyone can use our recipe to brew the beer or to create a derivative of our recipe. You are free to earn money from Our Beer, but you have to publish the recipe under the same license (e.g. on your website or on our forum) and credit our work. You can use all our design and branding elements, and are free to change them at will provided you publish your changes under the same license (“Attribution & Share Alike”).
Can large companies market Our Beer?
Yes, they are free to use our recipe at will – but they also have to comply with the licence and publish their version of the recipe under the same Creative Commons license. This requirement is to keep the beer “free” so everyone has the freedom to improve the recipe based on the work of others.
Who are “we”?
We are “Vores ?òl Group”, a group of students at the IT-University in Copenhagen and have created Our Beer in collaboration with Superflex as an experiment in applying modern open source ideas and methods on a traditional real-world product (beer).
Why beer?
Why not? We all like beer, and as an added bonus there is a legendary quote used to explain the concept of free software (now usually referred to as open source software):
“Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech”, not as in “free beer”.
We think that our open source beer is a nice twist on this quote, and we think it is interesting to see if our beer grows stronger in out in the free and perhaps one day becomes the Linux of beers. Who knows?
Is your recipe in any way unique?
Yes and no. According to google.com there is no other “open source” beer out there (except in fake news). Others have added Guarana or caffeine in beer, but we haven’t found any that is similar to our in color and taste.
Lopez, author of the National Book Award-winning Arctic Dreams and numerous other works of fiction and nonfiction (Light Action in the Caribbean; Of Wolves and Men; etc.), explores opposition and defiance–to globalization, xenophobia, political and cultural hegemony, conspicuous consumption, environmental degradation–in a slim, brooding collection of timely fictional testimonials. “Apocalypse” sets the stage, as an American curator living in France receives an ominous official letter from “Inland Security,” expressing “widespread irritation with our work, and the government’s desire to speak with us.” Through coded emails, he determines that all over the world, friends similarly engaged in “chip[ping] away like coolies at the omnipotent and righteous facade” have received the same missive. They agree to vanish, leaving behind a record of their political and spiritual awakenings. In “Mortise and Tenon,” a land activist and carpenter reflects on his years of travel, his childhood abuse and an act of terrible violence that put him on a new path toward healing. Vietnam left the narrator of “Traveling with Bo Ling” a “blind eunuch with a face of melted wax,” but through the love of a Vietnamese woman, he learns to seek knowledge and experience. In “The Bear in the Road,” an attorney searching for a spirit guide in the form of an elusive Plains grizzly struggles with issues of responsibility and inner peace. Many of the nine narrators are wanderers; all of them move toward self-knowledge and engagement; each relates his or her story in the same reserved, dignified voice. Passionate in feeling but cool in rhetoric, these testimonials feel like haunting fragments of committed lives; though not always satisfying as straight fiction, they are powerful as artistic argument, suggesting that resistance is the natural state of the conscious and thoughtful. With nine monotypes by Alan Magee.
from the BBC:
Comedian Chris Morris, who created controversial TV show Brass Eye, is to return to screens with a new sitcom about a spoof London media worker.
Morris will direct and co-write Nathan Barley – a character from cult website TV Go Home – for Channel 4. It is a send-up of the stereotypical “cool” metropolitan media scene, with Nicholas Burns in the title role.
A Brass Eye satire of the media handling of paedophilia sparked 2,500 complaints in 2001.
Nathan Barley will be “a character-driven comedy”, according to Charlie Brooker, who created TV Go Home in 1999 and has co-written the series. Barley is described as a “webmaster, guerrilla film-maker, screenwriter, DJ and in his own words, a ‘self-facilitating media node”.
The story will also feature Dan Ashcroft, a style magazine columnist, and his sister Claire, a film-maker who hates the “cool” scene.
As well as Brass Eye, Morris was behind another news show satire, The Day Today, and dark sketch comedy Jam.
The new show is expected to begin in February.